Heating mantles are made of a thick gauge of spun aluminium with powder coated finish of attractive colour. The heating elements out of Nichrome wire on helically wound coil form safety insulated by fibreglass sleeves which in turn is attached to knitted glass fabric, to give flexible support to the flask. The heating elements so, designed operates at black heat conditions, ensuring uniform heat transfer thus avoiding bumping of contents of the flask. Mantles are duly insulated by glass wool. The mantle gives a maximum surface temperature of 450 ºC. which is controlled by an energy regulator, suitable for operation on 230/240V AC 50HZ.